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  • Home
  • English
    • Love Our Body, Love Ourselves >
      • Beautiful Human Body
      • Puberty >
        • Boys and Puberty
        • Girls and Puberty
      • Menstruation
      • Emotional, Psychological and Social Changes in Puberty
      • What is Sex/Sexual Intercourse
      • How Does Somebody Become Pregnant?
      • What are the Physical and Physiological Effects of Pregnancy in Adolescents?
      • What are the Mental and Emotional Effects of Pregnancy in Adolescent?
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • Be Smart, Live Smart >
      • Developing a Positive Self-Image
      • Risk Taking Behavior
      • Keeping Fit the Healthy Way
      • Developing a Healthy Mind
      • Personal Safety
      • Take Home Message
    • Healthy Relationships and Family Values >
      • Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships with Peers, Parents and Friends
      • Ways that One Would Like to be Treated in a Romantic Relationships
      • Effective Communication in a Relationship
      • Impact of Technology and Social Media Communication in A Relationship
      • Take Home Message
    • Skills Building >
      • Communication Skills
      • Negotiation Skills
      • Decision Making Skills
      • Building Self-Confidence and Self Esteem
      • Problem Solving Skills
      • Take Home Message
    • Sexuality: Gender and Sex >
      • Gender and Sex
      • Gender Identity
      • Gender Roles
      • Gender Stereotypes
      • Gender Integration
      • Sexual Orientation
      • LGBT Community and Sexual and Reproductive Health
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • From a Boy to a Man >
      • Boys' Role in a Relationship
      • Boys’ Roles and Responsibilities in Family Matters
      • Contraceptive Methods that Protect Against Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • Don't Hop on Bed, Until You Are Wed! >
      • Am I Ready To Have Sex?
      • What are the Benefits of not Being Sexually Active?
      • How Not To Confuse Sex With Love
      • How Do I Say "NO"
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • Let's Play Safe >
      • How Much do You Know About STI?
      • Types of STIs
      • How Can I Protect Myself Against STIs?
      • When Should I Get Tested?
      • How can I Protect My Partner and I against Pregnancy?
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • Let's Find Out About Unwanted Pregnancies >
      • Unwanted Pregnancies
      • What are the Option for an Unwanted Pregnancies
      • Unsafe Abortions
      • Legal, Religious and Ethical Aspects of Abortion in Malaysia
      • Unplanned Pregnancy Counselling and Advice
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • Sexual Abuse/Sexual Violence >
      • Continuum of Behaviors
      • Sexual Abuse and Sexual Violence
      • What Does Rape Mean?
      • Child Sexual Abuse
      • Incest
      • Consequences of Sexual Abuse
      • How to Protect Ourselves
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
    • Child and Women Trafficking >
      • The Element of Human Trafficking
      • Human Trafficking can Happen to Anyone
      • Factors and Techniques Contributing to Children and Women Trafficking
      • Impacts and Prevention of Trafficking
      • Take Home Message
    • SRH Rules, Regulations and Acts >
      • Protection Against Sexual Harrasment
      • Protection Against Domestic Violence
      • Protection Against Sexual Crimes
      • What's Right and What's Wrong in the Online World?
      • Take Home Message
      • Quiz
  • Bahasa Malaysia
    • Sayangi Badan Kita, Sayangi Diri Kita >
      • Keindahan Tubuh Manusia
      • Akil Baligh >
        • Remaja Lelaki dan Akil Baligh
        • Remaja Perempuan dan Akil Baligh
      • Haid
      • Akil Baligh dan Perubahan Emosi, Psikologi dan Sosial
      • Apakah Seks atau Hubungan Seks?
      • Bagaimana Seseorang boleh Hamil?
      • Apakah Kesan Fizikal dan Fisiologi Kehamilan pada Remaja?
      • Apakah Kesan Mental dan Emosi Kehamilan Pada Remaja?
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Jadi Bijak, Hidup Bijak >
      • Membangun Imej Diri yang Positif
      • Tingkah Laku Berisiko
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      • Keselamatan Diri
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
    • Perhubungan yang Sihat dan Nilai-Nilai Kekeluargaan >
      • Perhubungan Sihat dan Tidak Sihat di antara Rakan Sebaya, Ibu Bapa dan Kawan-kawan
      • Peringkat-peringkat Hubungan Termasuk Hubungan Romantis
      • Komunikasi Berkesan dalam Perhubungan
      • Kesan Teknologi dan Komunikasi Media Sosial kepada Perhubungan
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
    • Pembinaan Kemahiran Hidup >
      • Kemahiran Komunikasi
      • Kemahiran Berunding
      • Kemahiran Membuat Keputusan
      • Membina Keyakinan Diri
      • Kemahiran Menyelesaikan Masalah
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
    • Seksualiti - Mari Belajar Tentang Gender dan Jantina >
      • Gender dan Jantina
      • Identiti Gender
      • Peranan Gender
      • Stereotaip Gender
      • Integrasi Gender
      • Orientasi Seksual
      • Komuniti LGBT dan Kesihatan Seksual dan Reproduktif
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Daripada Lelaki Remaja Menjadi Lelaki Dewasa >
      • Peranan Lelaki dalam sesuatu Perhubungan
      • Peranan dan Tanggungjawab Lelaki dalam Hal-hal Keluarga
      • Kaedah Kontrasepsi yang Melindungi daripada Kehamilan dan Penyakit Kelamin
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Abstinen >
      • Adakah Saya Bersedia Untuk Hubungan Seks
      • Apakah Faedah Jika Tidak Aktif Secara Seksual?
      • Bagaimana untuk tidak Keliru antara Seks dan Cinta?
      • Bagaimana untuk katakan "TIDAK"?
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Jangkitan Seksual (Sexually Transmitted Infections) >
      • Berapa Banyakah yang Anda Tahu Tentang Jangkitan Seksual?
      • Jenis-jenis Jangkitan Seksual
      • Lindungi Diri Daripada STIs
      • Bilakah Saya Perlu Diuji?
      • Lindungi Diri dan Pasangan daripada Kehamilan
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Mari mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan >
      • Kehamilan yang Tidak Diinginkan
      • Pilihan bagi Kehamilan yang Tidak Diinginkan
      • Pengguguran Tidak Selamat
      • Aspek Undang-Undang, Keagamaan dan Etika Pengguguran di Malaysia
      • Kaunseling dan Khidmat Nasihat
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Penderaan Seksual/Keganasan Seksual >
      • Kontinum Tingkah Laku
      • Penderaan Seksual dan Keganasan Seksual
      • Apakah maksud Rogol
      • Penderaan Seksual Kanak-kanak
      • Kesan Penderaan Seksual
      • Bagaimana Untuk Melindungi Diri
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
    • Pemerdagangan Kanak-kanak dan Wanita >
      • Elemen Pemerdagangan Manusia
      • Pemerdagangan Manusia boleh Terjadi kepada Sesiapa Sahaja!
      • Faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada pemerdagangan kanak-kanak dan wanita dan teknik-tekniknya
      • Kesan dan Langkah Pencegahan Pemerdagangan Manusia
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
    • Kesihatan Seksual dan Reproduksi dan Undang-undang yang Berkaitan >
      • Perlindungan daripada Gangguan Seksual
      • Perlindungan daripada Keganasan Rumah Tangga
      • Perlindungan Terhadap Jenayah Seksual
      • Perlindungan Terhadap Jenayah Siber
      • Mesej Untuk Dibawa Pulang
      • Kuiz
  • Contact
  • External Resources
  • Facilitators Section
    • Teaching Resources | Sumber Pengajaran
    • Activities - English >
      • Love Our Body, Love Ourselves
      • Be Smart, Live Smart
      • Healthy Relationship and Family Values
      • Skills Building
      • Sexuality: Gender and Sex
      • From a Boy to a Man
      • Don't Hop Into Bed, Until You Are Wed
      • Let's Play Safe
      • Unwanted Pregnancies
      • Sexual Abuse/Sexual Violence
      • Child and Women Trafficking
      • SRH Rules, Regulations and Acts
    • Aktiviti - Bahasa Malaysia >
      • Keindahan Tubuh Kita
      • Jadi Bijak, Hidup Bijak
      • Perhubungan yang Sihat dan Nilai-Nilai Kekeluargaan
      • Kemahiran Hidup
      • Seksualiti: Gender dan Jantina
      • Perkembangan dari Remaja menjadi Lelaki Dewasa
      • Abstinen
      • Jangkitan Seksual
      • Mari Belajar tentang Kehamilan yang Tidak Diingini
      • Keganasan Seksual
      • Pemerdagangan Kanak-kanak dan Wanita
      • Kesihatan Seksual dan Reproduksi dan Undang-undang yang Berkaitan

types of sexual transmitted infections 

Common STIs, how they are spread, and how harmful they are.

BACTERIA
VIRAL
PROTOZOAL
FUNGAL
PARASITIC
Gonorrhoea
​(Neisseria gonorrhea.)
HIV
Trichomoniasis
​(Trichomonas vaginalis.)
​Candidiasis
​(Candida albicans)
Pubic lice
*Passed on by close body contact and not by actual penetration.
​Syphilis
​(Treponema pallidum.)
Genital warts
​(HPV)
  
  
 
Chlamydia
​(Chlamydia trachomatis.)
Hepatitis B
​(HBV)
  
  
  
Chanchroid
​(Haemophilus ducreyi.)
​Genital herpes
​(Herpes Type 2)
  
  
  

Gonorrhoea

  • It is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection affecting the cervix, urethra, throat and rectum.
  • It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women and severe inflammation of the urinary tract in men. If the mother is infected at the time of delivery, it can cause blindness in the baby.
  • It can be treated with antibiotics, however, long term complications may not be reversible.​​
Picture

Hepatitis B

  • Hepatitis B is a type of viral infection that affects the liver. It can cause cancer and even death.
  • It is transmitted through sex, and also bodily fluids such as blood. 
  • Hepatitis B can be prevented by getting the Hepatitis B vaccine, It is safe and effective.
  • Hepatitis vaccine is recommended for all infants at birth, children up to 18 years and adults who are at high risk for infection due to their occupation.​
​

Syphilis

Picture
  • Syphilis is a serious bacterial infection. It is divided into several stages – primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. Different signs and symptoms associated in different stages.
  • Syphilis is infected through direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It usually starts as a painless ulcer on your genitals. Untreated, syphilis infection can spread and involve other parts of your body.
  • It can lead to paralysis, blindness, insanity and eventually death. Severe birth defects are also seen in babies whose mothers are infected.
  • Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics when detected at the early stages. 
​​

Genital Warts

  • Genital warts are tiny growths on the skin around the genitals and anus. They are caused by certain types of viruses called human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV can be transmitted by sexual intercourse and also by touching- so condoms do not give 100% protection.
  • Most HPV infections have no symptoms, but some cause warts that are painful and can bleed or discharge pus.
  • Some types of HPV cause cervical cancer. A vaccine is available to protect against a few of the common cancer causing types. The vaccine however, does not protect against all types of HPV.
​​

Chlamydia

  • Chlamydia is one of the most common STI. It is a highly contagious sexually transmitted bacterial infection.
  • Unfortunately most people are asymptomatic and do not have symptoms. Sometimes it causes unusual discharge, bleeding or pain during passing urine. For men, testicular pain sometimes occurs.
  • It can cause problems in the reproductive organs and infertility. It can be treated with antibiotics, however, long term complications may not be reversible.
​

Herpes

Picture
Herpes in Female
Picture
Herpes in Male
  • Herpes is a viral infection caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). Herpes causes intermitted eruptions of sores on the genitals and surrounding areas in both males and females.
  • It is spreads very easily, especially when sores are present. Since herpes sores are often on the skin around the genitals, condoms do not protect 100% from contact.
  • There is no cure, but anti-viral treatment may reduce severity of infections.
​​
                       

HIV/AIDS

  • HIV refers to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that destroys the white cells (our body’s immune system) making us vulnerable to infections and common illness.
  • AIDS refers to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: AIDS is a consequence and the final stage of a HIV infection. Not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS. HIV can spread through:
    • body fluids (semen and blood),
    • through unprotected sexual intercourse,
    • sharing needles (eg intravenous drug users)
    • receiving contaminated blood products
    • from mother to child during pregnancy
    • using unsterilized instruments (e.g. tattoo pen, skin piercer)

  • HIV is not spread by kissing, touching, sneezing, using the same plates and  spoons or coughing. It is not spread by sitting on toilet seats, drinking from water-fountain, swimming in common swimming pools, showers or though insect bites.
  • Understanding how HIV  is transmitted will go a long way into fighting the stigma of this  disease.
  • While there is no cure for HIV or AIDS, the disease can be well managed by certain medication. Taking medication extends the lifespan of infected individuals. These medicines must be taken every day.​​
Picture
Does an HIV infected person have symptoms?
  • Symptoms of HIV infection can be very vague during the early stage, such as having flu-like symptoms (rashes, chills, night sweats, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers). Just by having these symptoms and being sexually active does not mean one have HIV. The only way to confirm infection is by undergoing specific blood test for HIV. 
​​
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